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1. Aspect Driver Download
2. Aspect Led Driver
3. Element Driver Mileage
4. Taxi Driver Aspect Ratio

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• Be a Safe Driver. Maybe you already know that driving at night, on the highway, or in bad weather is a problem for you. Some older drivers also have problems when yielding the right of way, turning (especially making left turns), changing lanes, passing, and using expressway ramps. Safe driving tips.
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To support aspect-ratio-preserving stretched scaling and custom scaling modes available beginning with Windows 7 (where DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION >= DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION_WIN7), the following capabilities are added to VidPN present path data used by display miniport drivers:

• D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT structure:

  AspectRatioCenteredMax and Custom members

• D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING enumeration:

  D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX and D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM values

An aspect ratio is a proportional relationship between an image's width and height. Essentially, it describes an image's shape. Aspect ratios are written as a formula of width to height, like this: 3:2. For example, a square image has an aspect ratio of 1:1, since the height and width are the same. Aug 03, 2015 I had the same problem after a driver update to my ATI Radeon HD 4200 display adapter. I followed the instructions to 'roll back' to the previous driver, and it immediately reset my aspect ratio to the proper 16:9.

Aspect Driver Download

Specifying Scaling Modes

The behavior and appearance of the desktop on the monitor using these scaling modes is described in Scaling the Desktop Image. When the display mode manager (DMM) calls the DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality function, the driver must set the members of D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT according to the types of scaling that the VidPN present path supports, as follows:

Identity Scaling
If the path can display content with no transformation, set the Identity member of D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT to a nonzero value. When DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality is called, set the Scaling member of the D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_TRANSFORMATION structure to D3DKMDT_VPPS_IDENTITY.

Centered Scaling
If the path can display content unscaled and centered on the target, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT.Centered. When DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality is called, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_TRANSFORMATION.Scaling to D3DKMDT_VPPS_CENTERED.

Stretched Scaling
If the path can display content that is scaled to fit the target while not preserving the aspect ratio of the source, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT.Stretched. When DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality is called, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_TRANSFORMATION.Scaling to D3DKMDT_VPPS_STRETCHED.

Aspect-Ratio-Preserving Stretched Scaling
If the path can scale source content to fit the target while preserving the aspect ratio of the source, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT.AspectRatioCenteredMax. When DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality is called, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_TRANSFORMATION.Scaling to D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX.

Custom Scaling
If the path can display one or more scaling modes that are not described by the other D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT structure members, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT.Custom. When DxgkDdiEnumVidPnCofuncModality is called, set D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_TRANSFORMATION.Scaling to D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM. Independent hardware vendors (IHVs) can use private escape values to inform the driver how to interpret custom scaling on a given target.

If the current pinned target and source modes have the same aspect ratio but are different sizes, the display miniport driver should set only the Stretched and Centered members. In this case DMM will clear any nonzero value of the AspectRatioCenteredMax member.

API to DDI Scaling

The correspondence of user-mode API scaling values to the display miniport driver DDI scaling values in the D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING enumeration is shown in the following table.

This mapping can be used with the tables in Scaling the Desktop Image to understand how user-mode scaling types are translated into DDI scaling types that are sent to the display miniport driver.

Scaling and Driver Versions

The behavior of different display miniport driver versions running on different versions of the operating system are shown in the following table.

Driver VersionOperating System Version

DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION < DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION_WIN7

and

>= DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION_VISTA

DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION >= DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION_WIN7

Windows Vista

The driver has Windows Vista behavior.

The driver must check the operating system version during initialization and should never expose or use the AspectRatioCenteredMax and Custom members of D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT. If the driver violates this requirement, DMM will ignore AspectRatioCenteredMax and Custom and will only recognize the Identity, Centered, or Stretched members. If the driver attempts to pin the D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX scaling mode on any VidPN path, DMM will return the status code STATUS_GRAPHICS_INVALID_PATH_CONTENT_GEOMETRY_TRANSFORMATION and will treat this scaling mode the same as full-screen stretch mode.

Windows 7

The operating system clears the values of the AspectRatioCenteredMax and Custom members and assumes that the driver does not support aspect-ratio-preserving stretched scaling and custom scaling modes. DMM will only set scaling modes D3DKMDT_VPPS_IDENTITY, D3DKMDT_VPPS_STRETCHED, or D3DKMDT_VPPS_CENTERED. The driver behaves as on Windows Vista.

The driver should support the AspectRatioCenteredMax member, and the operating system uses it from Control Panel applications. The driver can optionally implement customized functionality by setting the Custom member.

DMM will always confirm that the driver interface >= DXGKDDI_INTERFACE_VERSION_WIN7 before it attempts to check and use the AspectRatioCenteredMax or Custom members of D3DKMDT_VIDPN_PRESENT_PATH_SCALING_SUPPORT.

Important A display miniport driver that supports the D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX or D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM values should never set a value of D3DKMDT_VPPS_NOTSPECIFIED.

Scaling With Multiple Adapters

The values of the scaling types D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX and D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM introduced with Windows 7 are stored in the CCD connection database that is associated with a graphics processing unit (GPU). If the user moves a monitor from one GPU with a driver that supports these scaling members to another GPU, the second GPU might not be supported by the original driver. In this case the operating system will map these scaling types to the system default scaling.

If both GPUs support the scaling types D3DKMDT_VPPS_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX and D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM, and the driver for the first GPU implements the D3DKMDT_VPPS_CUSTOM custom scaling request, then if the user switches the monitor to the second GPU, the driver for the second GPU will probably not know how to interpret the custom scaling request. In this case the second driver should fail a call to the DxgkDdiCommitVidPn function and should return the STATUS_GRAPHICS_VIDPN_MODALITY_NOT_SUPPORTED status code; the operating system will map this scaling type to the system default scaling.

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At age 78, Sheila thinks she's a good driver, but, this year, she's had a minor accident and several near misses. She's noticed a few new dents on her car and doesn't know how they got there. Sheila wonders how she can stay safe behind the wheel.

Have you been worried about your driving? Have your family or friends expressed concern? Changes in your health may affect your driving skills over time. Don't risk hurting yourself or others. Talk with your doctor about any concerns you have about your health and driving.

Stiff Joints and Muscles

As you age, your joints may get stiff, and your muscles may weaken. Arthritis, which is common among older adults, might affect your ability to drive. These changes can make it harder to turn your head to look back, turn the steering wheel quickly, or brake safely.

Safe driving tips:

• See your doctor if pain, stiffness, or arthritis seem to get in the way of your driving.
• If possible, drive a car with automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, and large mirrors.
• Be physically active or exercise to keep and even improve your strength and flexibility.
• Think about getting hand controls for both the gas and brake pedals if you have leg problems.

Trouble Seeing

Your eyesight can change as you get older. It might be harder to see people, things, and movement outside your direct line of sight. It may take longer to read street or traffic signs or even recognize familiar places. At night, you may have trouble seeing things clearly. Glare from oncoming headlights or street lights can be a problem. Depending on the time of the day, the sun might be blinding.

Eye diseases, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration, as well as some medicines, can also cause vision problems.

Safe driving tips:

• If you are 65 or older, see your eye doctor every year. Ask if there are ways to improve your eyesight.
• If you need glasses or contact lenses to see far away while driving, make sure your prescription is up-to-date and correct. Always wear them when you are driving.
• Cut back on or stop driving at night if you have trouble seeing in the dark. Try to avoid driving during sunrise and sunset, when the sun can be directly in your line of vision.

Trouble Hearing

As you get older, your hearing can change, making it harder to notice horns, sirens, or even noises coming from your own car. Hearing loss can be a problem because these sounds warn you when you may need to pull over or get out of the way.

Safe driving tips:

• Have your hearing checked at least every 3 years after age 50.
• Discuss concerns you have about hearing with your doctor. There may be things that can help.
• Try to keep the inside of the car as quiet as possible while driving.

In the very early stages of Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia, some people are able to keep driving. But, as memory and decision-making skills get worse, they need to stop.

People with dementia often do not know they are having driving problems. Family and friends need to monitor the person's driving ability and take action as soon as they observe a potential problem, such as forgetting how to find familiar places like the grocery store or even their home. Work with the doctor to let the person know it's no longer safe to keep driving.

Learn more about driving safety and Alzheimer's disease.

Slower Reaction Time and Reflexes

As you get older, your reflexes might get slower, and you might not react as quickly as you could in the past. You might find that you have a shorter attention span, making it harder to do two things at once. Stiff joints or weak muscles also can make it harder to move quickly. Loss of feeling or tingling in your fingers and feet can make it difficult to steer or use the foot pedals. Parkinson's disease or limitations following a stroke can make it no longer safe to drive.

Safe driving tips:

• Leave more space between you and the car in front of you.
• Start braking early when you need to stop.
• Avoid heavy traffic areas or rush-hour driving when you can.
• If you must drive on a fast-moving highway, drive in the right-hand lane. Traffic moves more slowly there, giving you more time to make safe driving decisions.

Medications Can Affect Driving

Do you take any medicines that make you feel drowsy, lightheaded, or less alert than usual? Do medicines you take have a warning about driving? Many medications have side effects that can make driving unsafe. Pay attention to how these drugs may affect your driving.

Safe driving tips:

• Read medicine labels carefully. Look for any warnings.
• Make a list of all of your medicines, and talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how they can affect your driving.
• Don't drive if you feel lightheaded or drowsy.

Be a Safe Driver

Maybe you already know that driving at night, on the highway, or in bad weather is a problem for you. Some older drivers also have problems when yielding the right of way, turning (especially making left turns), changing lanes, passing, and using expressway ramps.

Safe driving tips:

• Have your driving skills checked by a driving rehabilitation specialist, occupational therapist, or other trained professional.
• Take a defensive driving course. Some car insurance companies may lower your bill when you pass this type of class. Organizations like AARP, American Automobile Association (AAA), or your car insurance company can help you find a class near you.
• When in doubt, don't go out. Bad weather like rain, ice, or snow can make it hard for anyone to drive. Try to wait until the weather is better, or use buses, taxis, or other transportation services.
• Avoid areas where driving can be a problem. For example, choose a route that avoids highways or other high-speed roadways. Or, find a way to go that requires few or no left turns.
• Ask your doctor if any of your health problems or medications might make it unsafe for you to drive. Together, you can make a plan to help you keep driving and decide when it is no longer safe to drive.

Do You Have Concerns About an Older Driver?

Are you worried about an older family member or friend driving? Sometimes, it can be hard for an older person to realize that he or she is no longer a safe driver. You might want to observe the person's driving skills.

If it's not possible to observe the older person driving, look out for these signs:

• Multiple vehicle crashes, 'near misses,' and/or new dents in the car
• Two or more traffic tickets or warnings within the last 2 years; increases in car insurance premiums because of driving issues
• Comments from neighbors or friends about driving
• Anxiety about driving at night
• Health issues that might affect driving ability, including problems with vision, hearing, and/or movement
• Complaints about the speed, sudden lane changes, or actions of other drivers
• Recommendations from a doctor to modify driving habits or quit driving entirely

Aspect Led Driver

Talking with an older person about his or her driving is often difficult. Here are some things that might help when having the talk.

• Be prepared. Learn about local services to help someone who can no longer drive. Identify the person's transportation needs.
• Avoid confrontation. Use 'I' messages rather than 'You' messages. For example, say, 'I am concerned about your safety when you are driving,' rather than, 'You're no longer a safe driver.'
• Stick to the issue. Discuss the driver's skills, not his or her age.
• Focus on safety and maintaining independence. Be clear that the goal is for the older driver to continue the activities he or she currently enjoys while staying safe. Offer to help the person stay independent. For example, you might say, 'I'll help you figure out how to get where you want to go if driving isn't possible.'
• Be positive and supportive. Recognize the importance of a driver's license to the older person. Understand that he or she may become defensive, angry, hurt, or withdrawn. You might say, 'I understand that this may be upsetting' or 'We'll work together to find a solution.'

Is It Time to Give Up Driving?

We all age differently. For this reason, there is no way to set one age when everyone should stop driving. So, how do you know if you should stop? To help decide, ask yourself:

• Do other drivers often honk at me?
• Have I had some accidents, even if they were only 'fender benders'?
• Do I get lost, even on roads I know?
• Do cars or people walking seem to appear out of nowhere?
• Do I get distracted while driving?
• Have family, friends, or my doctor said they're worried about my driving?
• Am I driving less these days because I'm not as sure about my driving as I used to be?
• Do I have trouble staying in my lane?
• Do I have trouble moving my foot between the gas and the brake pedals, or do I sometimes confuse the two?
• Have I been pulled over by a police officer about my driving?

If you answered 'yes' to any of these questions, it may be time to talk with your doctor about driving or have a driving assessment.

How Will You Get Around?

Element Driver Mileage

Are you worried you won't be able to do the things you want and need to do if you stop driving? Many people have this concern, but there may be more ways to get around than you think. For example, some areas provide free or low-cost bus or taxi services for older people. Some communities offer a carpool service or scheduled trips to the grocery store, mall, or doctor's office. Religious and civic groups sometimes have volunteers who will drive you where you want to go.

Your local Area Agency on Aging can help you find services in your area. Call 1-800-677-1116, or go to https://eldercare.acl.gov to find your nearest Area Agency on Aging.

You can also think about using a car or ride-sharing service. Sound pricey? Don't forget—it costs a lot to own a car. If you don't have to make car payments or pay for insurance, maintenance, gas, oil, or other car expenses, then you may be able to afford to take taxis or other transportation. You can also buy gas for friends or family members who give you rides.

Before you leave home:

• Plan to drive on streets you know.
• Only drive to places that are easy to get to and close to home.
• Avoid risky spots like ramps and left turns.
• Add extra time for travel if you must drive when conditions are poor.
• Limit how much you drive at night.
• Don't drive when you are stressed or tired.

Taxi Driver Aspect Ratio

While you are driving:

• Always wear your seat belt and make sure your passengers wear their seat belts, too.
• Wear your glasses and/or hearing aid, if you use them.
• Stay off your cell phone.
• Avoid distractions such as eating, listening to the radio, or chatting.
• Use your window defrosters to keep both the front and back windows clear.

Read about this topic in Spanish. Lea sobre este tema en español.

For More Information About Driving

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
888-327-4236 (toll-free)
800-424-9153 (TTY/toll-free)
nhtsa.webmaster@dot.gov
www.nhtsa.gov/road-safety/older-drivers

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
202-638-5944
info@aaafoundation.org
www.seniordriving.aaa.com
www.aaafoundation.org

AARP
888-687-2277 (toll-free)
877-434-7598 (TTY/toll-free)
member@aarp.org
www.aarp.org/auto/driver-safety

Eldercare Locator
800-677-1116 (toll-free)
eldercarelocator@n4a.org
https://eldercare.acl.gov

This content is provided by the NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date.

Content reviewed: December 12, 2018